Plant Tissue Culture PPT

We got into the process about three months ago after we opened our first Eco-friendly, green products website. We decided it was in our best interest to try some of the products we sell and set out to do so. We have everything from baby bottle nipples to innovative composting solutions. I was inclined to go pretty far left and see how successful we would be composting our kitchen waste. I'm happy to report that the last 60 days have been quite successful- we not only set-up and maintained a 1500 worm farm, but did so with some pretty good results. We have harvested 2 trays of the nitrogen-rich compost and our flowers and plants love it. What's more, the system generally takes care of itself while helping you establish a comfortable, rotating schedule over a 6-8 week period. The processing tray is the lower most tray with the oldest food- this becomes compost first. Above this tray are the working trays full of kitchen scraps, fiber, breads, junk mail, egg shells, coffee grounds, yard waste, corn husks, expired fruit- you name it, it's in there with the exception of citrus, meat, bones and dairy.

As one tray becomes full, a new empty tray gets stacked on top of it and so goes the cycle. The system we've been using has 5 trays. When the trays are full, generally after a period of about 8 weeks, the compost is returned to the earth to your plants, flowers, vegetables, lawn and pretty much anything else that grows. One caveat- the compost is highly acidic when removed from the worm farm. It's recommended that you mix 1 part worm castings to three parts regular potting soil. It's also advised to let the castings sit for a period of 1-2 months before spreading. This allows the compost to oxygenate and over time, become more pH neutral. If you don't want to wait, rose bushes love highly acidic, nutrient rich food. Our anemic box out roses grew about a foot in two weeks after 2 cups of worm poop were applied and exploded with flowers. That's the end game- a nice, 5-gallon bucket of worm compost about every two months- your lawns and garden will love you for it. Here are some tips for being successful with your farm.

Worms are High Maintenance

Their health and well-being, as well as stress-free environment are paramount to them grinding up your kitchen scraps. The temperature of their bedding has to be between 40-80 F. They must be in a relatively quiet and well ventilated, shady area. If your temperature doesn't routinely fall within the limits, they need to be inside in a controlled temperature. Our worm farm lives in the dining room- no smell, no fuss no muss. One word about the specific kind of worms you want to use- Red Wrigglers, there is no substitute.

Moisture of Bedding is Critical

This cannot be over emphasized. The bedding for the worms needs to have just the right moisture content, like a rung out sponge. If it's too wet, add dry, shredded paper to the mix to absorb the overage. If too dry, you can simply add moistened or wet, shredded paper. When you squeeze together a handful, it should produce a few drops of water but no more. The bin will dry out and needs to be re-moistened every couple days. I usually dump a half cup of water over the newspaper covering the food. If it's too dry, you'll experience ants and fruit flies but more important, the worm's respiration becomes compromised as they need moisture next to their skin to breath.

Stick to the Menu

Our worms eat about 2-3 pounds of kitchen scraps per week- that's a whole bunch of waste. Feed them a little at a time. If you have larger quantities, park them in tupperware containers in your refrigerator as they continue to break down. Bank this food and only disturb the worms about every two to three days- they hate people and light. Over-feeding is something to watch and get a feel for, specifically how much they will consume over a given period of time. Worms are like us- too much food at once leaves them fat, lazy and inactive, not working very hard crushing our food. On the cover of the worm farm it tells you what they like and what to avoid. Wrigglers like a mixture of about 60% food scraps and 40% fiber, paper, breads and yard waste. No meat products, citrus or sugary foods. For a properly functioning worm farm they recommend the following: vegetable and fruit scraps, their husks, peelings, tops etc., coffee grounds, egg shells, breads, pizza crusts, junk mail, egg cartons, newspaper, rotten refrigerator food, nuts, cardboard, yard waste, lettuce and moldy bread. This along with dead leaves, is a great accelerant to the breakdown and compost process.

Following these fundamentals will get you started on the right foot and regular maintenance and monitoring of your system goes a long way toward successful vermiculture. The overall benefit is you get a useful product for your flowers and plants, cut down on the garbage you send to landfills, provide an excellent teaching environment for your kids, and gives you a pretty cool hobby all at the same time.

Kelley Murphy, owns a successful media production business in the healthcare vertical market, and is a new e-commerce business owner of gottabgreen.com, promoting and selling a responsible lifestyle and eco-friendly green products online. Looking to rid the world of plastic, follow his blogs and shop GottaBGreen.com for the Best Selling Green Products.

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The past few years have seen a sharp increase in the number of options available to people in order to reuse various materials. Recycling and using items for different purposes continues to be a leading source of how people are able to reduce their impacts on the environment and find creative uses for the items they no longer need. People considering this particular process should understand the advantages of rotating composting bins to fulfill as much of their reuse efforts as possible.

Composting is a process of burning various unused items and creating a completely different product from the remains. The actual cooking and burning techniques used are often designed as a source of fertilizer for plants and various forms of vegetation. Consumers that focus on this process often find that they are able to reduce their trash and still keep their vegetation growing in a healthy manner.

People that are focused on the creation of this raw material have quite a few purchasing options available when needed. The items available are often difficult to decide from as they are designed with similar features and functions. The appeal of using rotating bins helps consumers make the most appropriate decision possible.

Ease of operation is perhaps one of the most popular sources of appeal offered within this category of options. The techniques required for successful operation are usually very basic and performed by following very simple instructions. Many items are known to simply require specific waiting times and easy to operate ignition switches on some of the most advanced models.

Storing the bins that are used for this effort is also realized as being quite simple. Many of the design options offered to consumers are focused on the ability to use them indoors which leads to the design of compact and streamlined dimensional properties. The ease of spacing appeal is realized as a motivating factor of why these items are even considered.

People that purchase this type of product are able to use the finished compost material as fertilizer. Various models are specifically designed to focus on materials that are cooked into an effective growth catalyst for any vegetation projects the consumer may have. Consumes find this appeal to be effective in helping them to save money on growth products while also being able to maintain a more healthy and fast growing garden.

The ability to gain from additional storage space is another common advantage of this particular product. Consumers are always complaining about never having enough room in which to store all of their belongings and items. The offering of multiple bins helps provide the additional room needed for just about any particular use one is interested in.

The advantages of rotating composting bins include the ability to buy from a large number of design and color options. The placement of the bins is usually indoors which creates concern of lack of aesthetic appeal among many. The different colors and shapes that are offered from most manufacturers help consumers find space in any restrictive area of their home.

Get more information about Composting Bin Reviews that are effective and easy to use. You can find more information about Composting Bin Reviews here.

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Bokashi is powder made of certified-organic rice bran. This powder is commonly used to activate anaerobic fermentation; a method of food waste recycling that has many advantages to traditional composting. The Bokashi concept is based on an ancient Japanese farming practice, where farmers used microbe rich soil to break down food and harvest waste, creating a nutrient dense humus for fertilizing future fields.

Decomposition, or rotting, is usually a result of anaerobic microbes, microbes that require little to no oxygen. These putrefying microbes dominate the materials, releasing foul smelling gases in the process. The more commonly known composting methods use microbes that require oxygen... lots of it. If poorly managed, even aerobic composting can produce lots of odors and attract all kinds of pests. And, aerobic composting can also be very time-consuming, laborious and inefficient.

The Bokashi method is anaerobic, but is not putrefactive or rotting. Bokashi anaerobic composting utilizes microorganisms that require little to know oxygen (they are known as facultative) to break down organic materials. For this reason, the process generates few if any bad smelling by-products and, compared to traditional composting, requires very little oversight or time. Bokashi is far more convenient than traditional composting and is so innocuous, that you can perform it indoors. Since the microbes do not require oxygen, the process can be contained within an airtight space and once the process is complete, you simply add the nutrient-rich humus to your garden, worm bed, animal feed or lawn.

Benefits of Bokashi Composting:

Effective breaks down food waste including heavier items that traditional composting cannot, including dairy, fish and meat.No noxious byproduct, which means no disgusting smell and no greenhouse gases. The final Bokashi product has a sweet, pickled smell as opposed to a rancid decomposition smell.An enclosed system guards against attracting insect and pests, a major drawback of traditional composting that must be left in "open air" so that the compost pile microbes have access to oxygen.Takes approximately two weeks to complete, much faster than traditional composting! And Bokashi bran powder can be coupled with Super Cera (Super C) Powder to create EM-1 Bokashi for super accelerated composting.Minimal involvement required - no turning or monitoring green to brown ratios. Simply add food scraps and the bran, and walk away. The microorganisms do the rest. After two week, bury the fermented matter wherever you want to enhance plant life and the compost will fully break down in the soil over the next 2 to 4 weeks.Super compact! No more need for backyard space... Bokashi bins can fit in a pantry or under the sink. This makes Bokashi ideal for businesses and urban dwellers (or anyone sick of maintaining their traditional compost heap's green to brown ratio.)Super-efficient! The materials break down quickly in a small amount of space... and since the process is contained, no nutrients are lost.

What you need to get started with Bokashi:

Unwanted food wasteBokashi rice bran or EM Bokashi for accelerated compostingA Bokashi Bucket / Composting Bin - should be compact and feature a flexible, easy-open, air-tight lids. The Deluxe Bokashi Bucket Fermenter is also infused with EM-X® Ceramic powders that accelerate the fermentation process.Having two buckets on hand is even more convenient as you can switch them out quickly for greater efficiency.Consider a Bokashi bin featuring a spigot if you want to use compost tea during the two week cycle.A space to bury the resulting fermented contents of the Bokashi bin (garden beds, pots, etc).

That's it! It's obvious why Bokashi is considered the easiest food recycling method available. Give it a try, and you'll never go back to aerobic food waste composting again!

About the Author: Eric Lancaster is the Executive Vice President at Teraganix, the exclusive US distributor for EM Technology, including Bokashi composting kits and Pro EM1 probiotic digestive cleanse for a healthy immune system.

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